The Face of Perfection - Brachycephalic dogs

Pugs, Boxers, Staffies, Bulldogs... the list goes on and on. These dogs with their squished-in faces and folds of wrinkles, cute though they may be, are actually living sufferers of many human-caused health conditions. All of this the indirect or direct result of many years of selective breeding, these dogs have now reached the point where, in order for their breed to be 'kept to its standards' is actually being potentially fatal. We'll look at Brachycephalia - it's a long name, for a short, yet frequent problem.

 

The Boxer - a beautifull, boisterous and clown-natured breed, so well-known for it's appearance of having 'run into a brick wall'. These dogs have been around in this particular body type for centuries, however, the severity of the shortness of the muzzle has not. In fact, when the breed originally began, these dogs had the large, square muzzle of a mastiff. Unfortunately over the years, this feature has been altered by selective breeding - at first it created a shapely head, but eventually went to the extreme. These modern examples are beautiful in shape and outline, but the truth of the matter is that this facial feature poses serious health risks. And it is being passed on to generations.

  Take note of the steepness of the above dog's stop. (The meeting of the muzzle with the head.) The eyes are literally in the front of the face, and the nose situated just below. From the front, this dog looks all cute and wrinkly, but a side view shows how squished the skull is. To prove my point, just below is the muzzle of a Saarloos Wolfdog - very closely related to the Grey Wolf, dog's ancestor. Through huge amounts of selective breeding, dogs have changed immensly.

Now for the real truth - beyond all those adorable folds of skin and dewlap, is the skull. This has been moulded so much in brachycephalic breeds that the difference is astonishing.

Above is the skull of a brachycephalic breed, most likely a Pug or British Bulldog. Notice the length (or lack of it) of the dog's nasal passages. Because these passages are so short and the nose pushed into the face, these dogs can have serious breathing difficulties and these passages often cause objects to become obstructed easily. 

Also notice the bottom jaw; the teeth are nowhere near meeting. This is known as an 'undershot' jaw, and is a serious problem for any dog as it causes difficulty eating, chewing and even breathing.

Above also, is the skull of a German Shepherd. Similar in size and build to the wolf, this skull shows all the natural attributes of the dog's head from centuries back. The stop is well defined, the air passeges long, noise pointed and at the tip of the muzzle. Obviously, these dogs also have a better sense of smell to those flatter-faced Pugs. 

As for the jaw and teeth, these meet perfectly in what is known as a 'scissor' bite, enabling easy chewing and breathing. 

Now that these differences are pointed out, it makes sense to lessen the degree of 'flat' that is required by breed standards for these dogs. 

The real, real issues behind the nose is the severity of breathing issues that these dogs are either born with or are afflicted with throughout life. It is quite common to see a brachycephalic dog panting with it's whole mouth open in an attempt to breathe - when these dogs overheat they cannot breathe through their small noses, which poses a huge suffocation risk - hence why these breeds do not cope well with excessive amounts of intense exercise.

While these breeds are loving, have fantastic personalities and are, of course, adorable, sometimes it is perhaps worth the time to think what strife we may be causing our pets in, say, 20 years time. Will this exaggerated muzzle be even more overdone? Or will dogs be returned to a more natural and healthly appearance?

Please note - this topic is intented as means of informing, not to offend or disagree with owners and breeders of these particular dogs. Yes, they are often great looking dogs, and do appear to live mostly normal doggy lives - I myself have a fondness for Boxers and Pointers - however, the point I am making is that this severity of the facial features was never natural, so is it really what we should want for our dogs?

The face of happiness - a mongrel in every form, theses dogs are rarely afflicted by breed-specific illnessess.

The Receding Topline

This is a very controversial issue among dog owners and breeders : the receding topline. For those of you that are curious, the topline is the name for the dog's back - measured from the whithers (shoulder blades) to the base of the tail.

The topline varies greatly in all the breeds we see today. The main problem with this, however, is that dogs are slowly degenerating. This is partly due to the fact that breed standards have changed over the past 100 years; and also due to the fact that every breeder, whether show or pet, breeds different to every one else. I will be using a few breeds to illustrate this topic and also explaining how dog showing has affected this. That is not to say, however, that dog showing is pointless or bad; in fact it is because of these show breeders that many of our breeds are still around today and looking somewhat like their forebearers.

We'll begin with the German Shepherd Dog. This dog, once also known as the Alsatian, is a very popular and well-liked breed allover the world. I will not be discussing that fact at the moment, so let's go onto the dog's topline. Originally, these dogs were used as sheep and guard dogs in Germany. They were bred for speed, intelligence, agility and stamina. The first German sheepdogs were very different to the dogs we know today. These dogs are still bred today and are used for working purposes. The desired topline for these dogs is long and somewhat straight. These dogs, which were the traditional GSD 50 years ago, are also considered 'square' and have an allover good appearance.

This type of topline has now been bred into a very sloped, long and stretched back. There is nothing square about this topline or dog, and although some of these dogs have a lovely appearance, too much breeding of these backs can gradually produce some very sloped offspring. This is what has happened over the last 50 years or so to the German Shepherd Dog. It has now become standard for these dogs to appear this way unless of working lines. Most of this is partly due to show breeders, but some also to pet breeders. the GSD is still a very popular breed but is beginning to appear unsound to pet owners. Below is an image of a GSD with a very bad topline. Sadly, these dogs are being accepted as quality show dogs in certain countries. These dogs may be brilliant show dogs that fit certain standards, but they do not necessarily make good pets.

The GSD is not the only breed of dog with this issue. It has affected many other breeds, however, I will only mention one more of these. That breed which also has gradually lost topline quality is the show Irish Setter. The original Irish Setter, as shown below in this old painting, was a square hunting dog with little coat and a variety of head shapes. The basic shape is the same, but the dogs of today have changed dramatically in various bady features, such as toplines, coat and heads.The hunting/gundog Irish Setters are very sound and have a very good topline. Below is a photo of a working Irish Setter. Although this dog has a sound topline, it lacks much of the beautiful hair of the show Irish.

The Show Irish is very similar around the world, with the exception of a few different strains. The topline of the show Irish Setter is not the same as that of the working Irish, although it is not as extremely different as the GSD. Show Irish's tend to have a sloped topline and although these vary, the 'square' dogs are not usually prefferred. Below is a very sound, 'square' show Irish which resembles its forebearer somewhat. Although they are not considered more physically sound, the sloped Irish's are used most commonly as show dogs. These dogs, like the GSD, are good as show and pet dogs, but would be very impractical as working dogs because of their body shape. Below is an example of an Irish Setter with a sloped topline.

All images were found using google image search. Please note that these dogs are only examples and I consider them all beautiful specimins despite the issue in discussion.

The Doberman Pinscher types

Everybody knows about the Doberman Pinscher, right? A big black & tan dog with amazing guarding abilites, a bit like the Rottweiler? Wrong. There is a lot more to the Dobermann than meets the public eye, from all sorts of capabilities to temperaments and more. But today I will be focusing on the two main and very interesting 'types'. Before I start, however, its important to know what a 'type' is. In dog breeds, type is a slightly different physical appearance inside a breed. The dogs are all still similar and to the same standard, and therefore it would be silly to have to make that type into another breed. For example, making short-haired Border Collies seperate from long-hairs would be pointless because the only variation is the coat type. A type is also different to a 'strain', which is a specific line of pedigreed dogs bred by a certain breeder/s for a few decades. I will not be going into this field today but that also is a very interesting area.
There are two main Dobe types, those being the European and the American. The American type is most common in Australia and the US, and is often the only one recognised. So, below I have a seperate part for both types and even varitation, just so it's not too confusing. Enjoy!




The European Doberman Pinscher -


Is the type closest in resemblance to Lious' Dobermann's Dogs. These Dobies are a very heavy-built dog used mainly as schutzhund and Police Dogs. This is often refferred to as the 'working' strain of Dobies because they have been used for centuries and are still in use doing what they were bred for, unlike many breeds today. The European Dobies, obviously, live all over Europe and some are exported to breeders around the world. They are, however, only bred to their type to preserve the strong working instincts. These dogs are often very agressive and make brilliant guards. They can be unreliable and this is often due to the fact that they were bred for non-companionship reasons. This is probably the hardest to train and strongest type of the two.
As for physical appearance, the Euro Dobermann is large, solid and muscular. He has a large, powerful head with a pointed muzzle, a long, thick neck, deep, broad chest, gradually sloped back and solid hindquaters. The legs are muscular are strong, and the paws are rounded and large. The ears are naturally large and folded down; but many breeders have these cropped and taped for a better appearance. The tail is thick, long and curled. It can be docked but in Europe it is usually left natural length with uncropped ears. This is the traditional type of Dobermann and is quite uncommon in show Dobes elsewhere.





The American Doberman Pinscher -

Is a very common type worldwide. These Dobies are descended from the European type and have gradually changed type in America by the breeding of different, lighter dogs. The American Dobie is used in Police work and guard also, but is most commonly found in show and pet homes.

The showing of this type of Dobermann is extremely popular worldwide and this is the type shown mostly in Australia. There are also various kinds of American Dobies, but these all come roughly from the same dogs and should not be considered types. The show Dobes in Australia, for example, are all slightly different to those in America.

The Physical apearance of the American Dobermann is somewhat similar to the Euro Dobie, but it is unmistakedly varied.

This Dobie is large, fine-boned and often ribby. His head is large but light, with a long pointed nose, and a thin, slender neck. The back is straight, the chest is deep and tucked up high into the stomach. The legs are long and fine, with solid, round paws. The ears of show American Dobes are always cropped, and the tail is always docked short. This is the typical American Dobermann type, with the exception of a pet with natural ears.





So, there you have it. The two Doberman Pinscher types with beautiful photos from allover the web. Comments, anyone?

The first post!

First of all, welcome all dog nuts! Here's the place to be. Especially those of you that love looking for random doggy bits that you can than go and rave on about - see, we have something in common already!
So, a quick intro on me. I'm almost 16, am a dog - crazy kind of person and love animals. I will be starting volunteer work at two vets in July for my TAFE course, but more on that later. I love writing, art and drawing, especially drawing dogs; no, mainly dogs. =) I also really love photography and playing guitar. And doggy agility, which is really neat, dog training, too.
..... Oh - and I really, really, really want to start showing dogs, hopefully when I get my first pedigree dog. But that's not for a while.
So. That's about it. So enjoy!
~AJ~

(The picture above [Bullmastiff] is a dog I found on Google which I am pretty sure is not copyright. The photos used in this blog will be not copyright if possible and it will be stated when the work is not my own. I will also regularly add my own photos.)